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Linux-Commands
Contents
System Commands
$ uname –a - display linux system information $ uname –r - display kernel release information $ uptime - show how long system running + load $ hostname - show system host name $ hostname -i - display the IP address of the host $ last reboot - show system reboot history $ date - show the current date and time $ cal - show this month calendar $ w - display who is online $ whoami - who you are logged in as $ finger user - display information about user
$ dmesg - detected hardware and boot messages $ cat /proc/cpuinfo - CPU model $ cat /proc/meminfo - hardware memory $ cat /proc/interrupts - lists the number of interrupts per CPU per I/O device $ lshw - displays information on hardware configuration of the system $ lsblk - displays block device related information in Linux $ free -m - used and free memory (-m for MB) $ lspci -tv - show PCI devices $ lsusb -tv - show USB devices $ lshal - show a list of all devices with their properties $ dmidecode - show hardware info from the BIOS $ hdparm -i /dev/sda -show info about disk sda $ hdparm -tT /dev/sda - do a read speed test on disk sda $ badblocks -s /dev/sda - test for unreadable blocks on disk sda
Statistics and Analyze
$ top - display and update the top cpu processes $ mpstat 1 - display processors related statistics $ vmstat 2 - display virtual memory statistics $ iostat 2 - display I/O statistics (2sec Intervals) $ tail -n 500 /var/log/messages - last 10 kernel/syslog messages $ tcpdump -i eth1 - capture all packets flows on interface eth1 $ tcpdump -i eth0 'port 80' - monitor all traffic on port 80 ( HTTP ) $ lsof - list all open files belonging to all active processes $ lsof -u testuser - list files opened by specific user $ free –m - show amount of RAM $ watch df –h - watch changeable data continuously
Users
File Commands
Process Related
File Permission Related
Network
Compression / Archives
Install Package
Search
Login (ssh and telnet)
File transfer
Disk Usage
Directory
Keyboard shortcuts
Alt+Ctrl+T - open Terminal Window
Alt+Ctrl+L - lock the screen Alt+Ctrl+Del - logoff
Alt+F4 - close current window Alt+F2 - pop up command window (for quickly running commands)
Super-W - show all windows in the current workspace Ctrl+Super+D - show desktop
Ctrl+A - select all items on list or text Ctrl+C - copy all selected items to clipboard Ctrl+X - cut all selected items to clipboard Ctrl+V or Mouse middle button click - paste all selected items to clipboard
PrintScr - takes screenshot Alt+PrintScr - takes screenshot of windows Shift+PrintScr - takes screenshot of selected window area